In severe cases, temperature changes can result in large-scale fish kills. The trend that gas solubility decreases with increasing temperature does not hold in all cases. While it is in general true for gases dissolved in water, gases dissolved in organic solvents tend to become more soluble with increasing temperature.
There are several molecular reasons for the change in solubility of gases with increasing temperature, which is why there is no one trend independent of gas and solvent for whether gases will become more or less soluble with increasing temperature. For solids and liquids, known as condensed phases, the pressure dependence of solubility is typically weak and is usually neglected in practice.
However, the solubility of gases shows significant variability based on pressure. Typically, a gas will increase in solubility with an increase in pressure.
When a gas is dissolved in a liquid, pressure has an important effect on the solubility. William Henry, an English chemist, showed that the solubility of a gas increased with increasing pressure. He discovered the following relationship:. In this equation, C is the concentration of the gas in solution, which is a measure of its solubility, k is a proportionality constant that has been experimentally determined, and P gas is the partial pressure of the gas above the solution.
The proportionality constant needs to be experimentally determined because the increase in solubility will depend on which kind of gas is being dissolved. In order for deep-sea divers to breathe underwater, they must inhale highly compressed air in deep water, resulting in more nitrogen dissolving in their blood, tissues, and joints. If a diver returns to the surface too rapidly, the nitrogen gas diffuses out of the blood too quickly, causing pain and possibly death.
To prevent the bends, a diver must return to the surface slowly, so that the gases will adjust to the partial decrease in pressure and diffuse more slowly. A diver can also breathe a mixture of compressed helium and oxygen gas, since helium is only one-fifth as soluble in blood as nitrogen.
Underwater, our bodies are similar to a soda bottle under pressure. Imagine dropping the bottle and trying to open it. In order to prevent the soda from fizzing out, you open the cap slowly to let the pressure decrease. There is a limt to concentration, that is called solubility. Concentration and solubility can be expressed in the same unities, as grams per liter, or moles per liter, or grams per kilogram and so on. How does solubility affect concentration?
Alfredo T. Jun 27, Maybe you're asking the relation between solubility and concentration. Related questions What ions are present in solutions of sodium hydroxide? For example- solution of salt in water, solution of sugar in water etc. Are you worried or stressed? Click here for Expert Advice. Comment 0. Post Comment.
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