Which cell forms osteoblasts

Osteoclasts continually break down old bone while osteoblasts continually form new bone. The ongoing balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is responsible for the constant, but subtle, reshaping of bone. Learning Objectives Distinguish among the four cell types in bone.

Key Points Osteogenic cells are the only bone cells that divide. Osteogenic cells differentiate and develop into osteoblasts which, in turn, are responsible for forming new bones. Osteoblasts synthesize and secrete a collagen matrix and calcium salts. When the area surrounding an osteoblast calcifies, the osteoblast becomes trapped and transforms into an osteocyte, the most common and mature type of bone cell.

Osteoclasts, the cells that break down and reabsorb bone, stem from monocytes and macrophages rather than osteogenic cells.. There is a continual balance between osteoblasts generating new bone and osteoclasts breaking down bone. As they become trapped in the organic matrix, they become osteocytes. Osteocytes maintain bone tissue. Fine processes from these cells ramify through bone, and form gap junctions with other osteocytes. Osteocytes sit in the calcified matrix, in small spaces called lacunae lacuna - singular.

Long processes from the osteocyte lie in small channels called canaliculi small canals. These are channels for the transport for nutrients and waste. The osteocyte processes contact other ostocytes, forming gap junctions, so that they can communicate with each other. This is a picture of an osteoclast sitting in a ' Howship's lacuna ' in the endosteum.

These recesses are areas of bone that the osteoclasts have eroded away. The expression of extracellular matrix and alkaline phosphatase gene, as well as the expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin genes during matrix mineralization, are the main manifestations of osteoblast differentiation.

The main sources of osteoblasts are bone, periosteum, bone marrow and extra-bone tissue. Domestic and foreign literature reports that animals rats, mice, chickens, rabbits and human embryonic skulls or skulls of newborn animals are common sources of osteoblasts.

Robey used collagenase to treat cancellous bone to remove connective tissue and bone marrow hematopoietic tissue and then cultured the bone to obtain more pure osteoblasts. Riccio et al. Malekzadeh et al. Wang Haibin et al took human cancellous bone to establish an in vitro culture model of osteoblasts and obtained a large number of purified osteoblasts. The differentiation process of osteoblasts is affected and regulated by genetic factors, hormone levels, and cell regulatory factors.

The regulation of osteoblast proliferation is mainly regulated by regulation of the cell cycle, that is, the replication of DNA and cell division by the action of mitotic mitogens. The effects of hormone levels and cell regulatory factors on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts are described below.

Ogawa et al. According to Duey et al. It is a dual-energy precursor cell that can differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Komori et al. Lengner et al. Clark et al. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary subject in bioengineering, materials science, cell and molecular biology, chemical engineering, and surgical medicine.

It uses tissue engineering methods to induce osteoblasts, bone growth factors that specifically induce cells, and has excellent biological activity.