But how do you resolve loneliness? Everyone feels a little lonely now and again, and experts say that this forlornness can actually be a good thing, as long as you do something about it. According to research published in the journal Sleep , loneliness can wreck your chances of getting a restful night's sleep. Researchers measured the sleep cycles of 95 people in South Dakota, comparing them with the participant's self-reported loneliness scores. None of them lived isolated lives, but some reported feeling lonelier than others.
The results? The lonelier the participant, the higher the levels of fragmented sleep. This means you wake up a little bit at night even though you aren't aware of it. How does a steamy bath or piping-hot cup of coffee sound to you?
If it sounds downright comforting, you may want to read this:. For his research, published in February in the journal Emotion , Bargh surveyed 51 college students about their levels of loneliness and everyday habits, and concluded that some people use physical warmth as a substitute for social warmth.
The students who reported feeling lonelier also tended to linger in the shower longer. There's nothing wrong with this, Bargh contends — people are not always in control of the reasons they feel alone. It could be due to a breakup , or a recent move.
You can also use this finding to your advantage: Next time you're feeling lonesome, whip up a cup of hot cocoa. The reason you're so attached to your new computer, suped-up bike, or overpriced purse? According to research published in the Journal of Consumer Research, some people go gaga over inanimate objects because they're lonely. The researchers call this "material possession love," and you've probably witnessed it a number of times: your neighbor who calls his car "baby," or your great aunt who prides herself on her gun collection.
Because these folks suffer from a lack of social connections, they start doting on their things. And as you can probably guess, most experts say possessions aren't a healthy substitute for real live relationships. In fact, a number of studies indicate that having stuff has little effect on your happiness levels; you'd be better off spending the money on an experience, such as a vacation. You can catch a cold from your friend — but did you know you can catch his loneliness, too?
According to research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology by Cacioppo and colleagues, lonesomeness can be contagious. In fact, you're 52 percent more likely to feel lonely if someone you're directly connected to is lonely as well, says Cacioppo.
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You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. LA conducted the literature search and the initial screen of identified studies, and screened reference lists of included studies. LA wrote the first draft, with input from all authors on subsequent drafts. AP co-ordinated the final draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Louis Achterbergh. We did not seek ethical approval as all data were published and already in the public domain, including dissertations available on Ethos British Library database.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. To reduce the risk of missing relevant studies our initial search protocol included a term to capture a diagnosis of personality disorder. OR Borderline personality disorder or emotionally-unstable personality disorder or histrionic personality disorder or narcissistic personality disorder.
We ensured that personality disorder was well-represented in our search terms so that we could conduct two meta-syntheses of qualitative studies with young people based on this search. This article relates only to studies in which the primary diagnosis was depression. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
Reprints and Permissions. Achterbergh, L. The experience of loneliness among young people with depression: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature. BMC Psychiatry 20, Download citation. Received : 23 April Accepted : 12 August Published : 24 August Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Young people have a higher prevalence of loneliness than other age groups, and they are also at risk of depression.
Methods We conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies capturing experiences of loneliness among young people with depression. Results Our inclusion criteria identified fourteen studies. Conclusions Young people with depression experience loneliness as an insurmountable distance between themselves and others.
Background Loneliness is defined as a negative emotional state that arises when there is a perceived discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships [ 1 ]. Methods Design Meta-synthesis is a research method that uses rigorous qualitative methods to synthesize existing qualitative studies, with the aim of constructing greater meaning through an overarching interpretation based on the qualitative studies included [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].
Protocol and search strategy Before commencing, we registered our meta-synthesis protocol with PROSPERO, the international prospective register for systematic reviews [ 39 ].
Studies were excluded if they: a sampled participants above the age of 30 only, or used a mixed sample of age groups above and below 30 b sampled participants without a history of depression. Data screening and extraction One researcher LA conducted the search, removed duplicates, and screened the titles and abstracts of all studies for relevance, before assessing the full text of identified studies for eligibility. Quality appraisal One researcher LA appraised all eligible studies for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme CASP , a item quality assessment tool for qualitative research [ 40 ], discussing this with the wider team.
Table 1 Table presenting characteristics and quality appraisal of included studies Full size table. Results Description of included studies Our search identified studies, which was reduced to after deleting duplicates see Fig. Flow diagram for included studies. Full size image. Discussion Main findings This meta-synthesis of fourteen qualitative studies describing the experience of loneliness among young people with depression identified four main themes, conveying the social consequences of both loneliness and depression, and illustrating a range of pathways between them and a sense of how these could be mutually reinforcing.
Findings in the context of other studies We believe this to be the first meta-synthesis of qualitative studies describing the experience of loneliness in young people with depression. Strengths and limitations This meta-synthesis used a robust systematic search strategy to identify studies collecting qualitative accounts of loneliness in young people with depression across a range of countries. Clinical and policy implications Our study provides valuable insights for clinicians, teachers, parents, peers and researchers into the social challenges faced by young people with depression, helping them understand how feelings of loneliness might arise in those who feel depressed and how they might compound depressive symptoms, impeding recovery.
Future research We have mentioned the need to conduct interview studies directly probing the experience of loneliness in young people with depression, with balanced gender representation. Conclusions Our meta-synthesis of fourteen qualitative studies capturing experiences of loneliness among young people with depression identified four themes revealing the challenges faced by these individuals in their social networks.
Availability of data and materials All data are published and in the public domain. References 1. Google Scholar 2. Counterintuitively, we tend to be lonelier when young—and…. Being insecure can take a toll on just about every aspect of your life, from your emotional health to your relationships. Learn how to work through…. It's easy to fall into the trap of thinking you need to have tons of friends and a packed social calendar to be happy.
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Coping with loneliness. When and how to reach out. The bottom line. Read this next. How Loneliness Changes Across Your Lifetime Researchers find that loneliness ebbs and flows as we age, in relatively predictable ways. Medically reviewed by Janet Brito, Ph.
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